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Structures & Mechanics
How physical systems are built to hold, support, transfer force, and produce movement
through mechanical design.
• Structures, load paths, beams, trusses
• Strength, stability, joints, connectors
• Gears, levers, linkages
• Pulleys, cams, mechanisms
• Motion transmission (rotational ↔ linear)
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Electronics & Power Systems
How electrical energy is generated, distributed, regulated, and used to power circuits
and devices.
• Circuits, breadboards, components
• LEDs, resistors, transistors, analog elements
• Batteries, solar, USB power, voltage regulation
• Energy storage and power distribution
• Motors as electrical devices
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Sensors, Data & Control
How systems detect conditions, interpret information, and respond through logic and feedback.
• Sensors (light, distance, temperature, IMU, GPS)
• Data acquisition and interpretation
• Decision-making logic
• Feedback systems and PID concepts
• State-based control systems
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Programming & Digital Systems
How software, digital logic, and embedded platforms control behavior and connect system components.
• Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32
• Block coding → Python → MicroPython → C++
• Variables, loops, conditionals, functions
• Communication protocols (I2C, SPI, UART)
• Wireless control (Bluetooth, RF, WiFi)
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Motion, Propulsion & Robotics
How complete systems move, navigate, stabilize, and interact with the physical world.
• Rovers, wheeled and tracked systems
• Flight principles and control surfaces
• Boats, hovercrafts, hybrid vehicles
• Motor drivers, servos, ESCs
• Navigation, obstacle avoidance, stabilization
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Design, Fabrication & Prototyping
How ideas are planned, built, tested, refined, and documented through hands-on making.
• Foamboard construction
• CAD and 3D printing
• Laser cutting, soldering, assembly tools
• Build–test–improve cycles
• Iteration, prototyping, and design thinking
• Documentation and presentation